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document.documentElement.lastChild => Body document.getElementsByTagName("h1")[0] document.getElementById("tiger").firstChild parentNode childNodes firstChild lastChild getElementsByTagName // gets element by tag name, such as "div" for <div> "p" for <p> and "h1" for <h1> getElementById // gets element by id such as "something" for <div id = "something"> getAttributeNode // gets the attributes of element getAttributeNode("id") returns id attribute <html> <head> <title>Who Am I exercise</title> </head> <body> <h1> I am a cow </h1> <div id = "ranch"> I am <em> horse</em>, but I wish I was a <span id = "tiger">tiger</span>. </div> <form> <input type= "button" value = "What Am I?" onClick="guess();" /> </form> </body> </html> var element = document.documentElement.lastChild; element.nodeName => "BODY" element.nodeValue => "null" document.getElementById("tiger").lastChild; // spans elements last child is text "tiger"